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Home Bones muscles and joints. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. The skeleton The human skeleton is made up of bones, including bones of the: Skull — including the jaw bone Spine — cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and tailbone coccyx Chest — ribs and breastbone sternum Arms — shoulder blade scapula , collar bone clavicle , humerus, radius and ulna Hands — wrist bones carpals , metacarpals and phalanges Pelvis — hip bones Legs — thigh bone femur , kneecap patella , shin bone tibia and fibula Feet — tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.
Bone types There are four different types of bone in the human body: Long bone — has a long, thin shape. Examples include the bones of the arms and legs excluding the wrists, ankles and kneecaps. With the help of muscles, long bones work as levers to permit movement. Short bone — has a squat, cubed shape. Examples include the bones that make up the wrists and the ankles. Flat bone — has a flattened, broad surface.
Examples include ribs, shoulder blades, breast bone and skull bones. Irregular bone — has a shape that does not conform to the above three types. Examples include the bones of the spine vertebrae. Bone tissue The different layers of bone tissue include: Periosteum — the dense, tough outer shell that contains blood vessels and nerves Compact or dense tissue — the hard, smooth layer that protects the tissue within Spongy or cancellous tissue — the porous, honeycombed material found inside most bones, which allows the bone to be strong yet lightweight Bone marrow — the jelly-like substance found inside the cavities of some bones including the pelvis that produces blood cells.
Bone marrow Bone marrow is where blood cells are made. How many bones are in the human body? Biology Structure and Motion Bones and Support. Judy O. Dec 11, The skeleton of an adult human consists of bones. Related questions What bones make up the axial skeleton?
How does the skeletal system affect movement? How does the skeletal system contribute to homeostasis? The next three pairs are held on with cartilage to the ribs above them. The very last two sets of ribs are called floating ribs because they aren't connected to the sternum or the ribs above them.
But don't worry, these ribs can't ever float away. Like the rest of the ribs, they are securely attached to the spine in the back. Your skull protects the most important part of all, the brain. You can feel your skull by pushing on your head, especially in the back a few inches above your neck. The skull is actually made up of different bones. Some of these bones protect your brain, whereas others make up the structure of your face. If you touch beneath your eyes, you can feel the ridge of the bone that forms the hole where your eye sits.
And although you can't see it, the smallest bone in your whole body is in your head, too. The stirrup bone behind your eardrum is only. Want to know something else? Your lower jawbone is the only bone in your head you can move. It opens and closes to let you talk and chew food. Your skull is pretty cool, but it's changed since you were a baby. All babies are born with spaces between the bones in their skulls. This allows the bones to move, close up, and even overlap as the baby goes through the birth canal.
As the baby grows, the space between the bones slowly closes up and disappears, and special joints called sutures say: SOO-churs connect the bones. As you sit and type at the keyboard, while you swing on a swing, even when you pick up your lunch, you're using the bones in your fingers, hand, wrist, and arm. Each arm is attached to a shoulder blade or scapula say: SKA-pyuh-luh , a large triangular bone on the upper back corner of each side of the ribcage.
The arm is made up of three bones: the humerus say: HYOO-muh-rus , which is above your elbow, and the radius say: RAY-dee-us and ulna say: UL-nuh , which are below the elbow. Each of these bones is wider at the ends and skinnier in the middle, to help give it strength where it meets another bone. At the end of the radius and ulna are eight smaller bones that make up your wrist. Although these bones are small, they can really move!
Twist your wrist around or wave and you'll see how the wrist can move. The center part of your hand is made up of five separate bones. Each finger on your hand has three bones, except for your thumb, which has two. So between your wrists, hands, and all your fingers, you've got a grand total of 54 bones — all ready to help you grasp things, write your name, pick up the phone, or throw a softball!
Sure, your arm, wrist, hand, and finger bones are great for picking up the phone, but how are you supposed to run to answer it? Well, with the bones of the legs and feet! Your legs are attached to a circular group of bones called your pelvis. The pelvis is a bowl-shaped structure that supports the spine. It is made up of the two large hip bones in front, and behind are the sacrum and the coccyx. The pelvis acts as a tough ring of protection around parts of the digestive system, parts of the urinary system, and parts of the reproductive system.
Your leg bones are very large and strong to help support the weight of your body. The bone that goes from your pelvis to your knee is called the femur say: FEE-mur , and it's the longest bone in your body. At the knee, there's a triangular-shaped bone called the patella say: puh-TEL-luh , or kneecap, that protects the knee joint. Just like the three bones in the arm, the three bones in the leg are wider at the ends than in the middle to give them strength. The ankle is a bit different from the wrist; it is where the lower leg bones connect to a large bone in the foot called the talus say: TAL-iss.
Next to the talus are six other bones. But the main part of the foot is similar to the hand, with five bones. Each toe has three tiny bones, except for your big toe, which has just two. This brings the bone total in both feet and ankles to 52! Most people don't use their toes and feet for grabbing stuff or writing, but they do use them for two very important things: standing and walking.
Without all the bones of the foot working together, it would be impossible to balance properly. The bones in the feet are arranged so the foot is almost flat and a bit wide, to help you stay upright. So the next time you're walking, be sure to look down and thank those toes!
Fixed joints are fixed in place and don't move at all. Your skull has some of these joints called sutures, remember?
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