Note that persistent infringement of the Laws is an offense for which the player may be cautioned. Association football was the first sport to use coloured cards to indicate these actions. A yellow card is shown by the referee to indicate that a player has been officially cautioned. The player's details are then recorded by the referee in a small notebook; hence a caution is also known as a "booking".
A player who has been cautioned may continue playing in the game; however, a player who receives a second caution in a match is sent off shown the yellow card again, and then a red card. It also states that "only a player, substitute or substituted player" can be cautioned.
What constitutes cautionable unsporting behaviour is generally at the referee's discretion, though the Interpretation and Guidelines which accompany the Laws list a number of examples. These include simulation intended to deceive the referee, or attempting to score by handling the ball. Fouls which are committed recklessly or fouls which are committed with the intention of breaking up a promising attack are also considered unsporting behaviour and punishable with a yellow card.
Fouls which are committed with excessive force, however, or which deny an obvious goalscoring opportunity for the player fouled i. A change in to the Laws of the Game championed by FIFA President Sepp Blatter mandated automatic yellow cards for players who remove their shirts while celebrating goals, as he considered this to be unsporting behaviour. In addition, an instruction has been in the additional instructions at the end of the Laws of the Game for some time that should a player jump over or climb onto a perimeter fence to the field of play, he or she should be cautioned for unsporting behaviour.
This was seen as mainly preventing incidents in professional football matches where crowds had rushed towards players and had led to injuries. In most tournaments, the accumulation of a certain number of yellow cards over several matches results in disqualification of the offending player for a certain number of subsequent matches, the exact number of cards and matches varying by jurisdiction.
In the UEFA Champions League, for instance, accumulating two yellow cards in a stage of the tournament will lead to a one-game suspension. In such situations players have often been suspected and occasionally even admitted to deliberately incur a second booking in a tournament when the following game is of little importance, deliberately resetting their yellow card tally to zero for subsequent games known as "cleaning cards".
However, while technically within the laws of the game, this is considered unsportsmanlike conduct, and UEFA has launched an investigation resulting in fines or suspensions. The idea introducing a sin-bin for yellow card offenses has been mooted by, amongst others, UEFA president Michel Platini.
A red card is shown by a referee to signify that a player must be sent off. A player who has been sent off is required to leave the field of play immediately, must take no further part in the game and cannot be replaced by a substitute, forcing his team to play a man fewer. Only players, substitutes and substituted players may receive a red card. If a team's goalkeeper receives a red card another player is required to assume goalkeeping duties teams usually substitute an outfield player for another goalkeeper if this option is available.
Law 12 of the Laws of the Game lists the categories of misconduct for which a player may be sent off. These are:. Serious foul play is a foul committed using excessive force i. Violent conduct is distinct from serious foul play in that it may be committed by any player, substitute, or substituted player against any person, e. In most tournaments, a single direct red card i. Should a team's on-field players receive a total of five red cards, they will be unable to field the required minimum of seven players and the match will be abandoned.
The referee has a very large degree of discretion as to the interpretation of the 17 Laws including determining which acts constitute cautionable offenses under the very broad categories. For this reason, refereeing decisions are sometimes controversial. Some Laws may specify circumstances under which a caution should or must be given, and numerous directives to referees also provide additional guidance.
The encouragement for referees to use their judgment and common sense is known colloquially as "Law 18". According to the principle of advantage, play should be allowed to continue when the team against which an offense has been committed will benefit from ongoing play.
The referee indicates this by calling "play on! FIFA's guidance on the interpretation of the Laws for referees outlines the considerations a referee must make when deciding whether to play advantage; these include the severity of the offense and the potential for attacking opportunity.
Referees are instructed to make such decisions "within a few seconds" of the offense. In rare situations, advantage can also be applied if the foul was also a misconduct. Play is allowed to continue, but at the next stoppage in play the caution or dismissal must be issued and the appropriate card displayed. If the ball is out of play when an infraction of the Laws of the Game occurs, play is restarted according to the reason the ball became out of play before the infraction.
Any infraction of the Laws of the Game that occurs while the ball is out of play can be misconduct, but is not a foul.
If the misconduct occurs when the ball is in play, play need not be stopped to administer a caution or a dismissal, as these may be done at the next stoppage of play this is usually the case when the opposing team would gain an advantage in having play continue. When this is the case, play is restarted according to the reason for the ball becoming out of play, e. Team officials such as managers and coaches are not subject to the cautionable and sending-off offenses listed above, as these apply only to players, substitutes, and substituted players.
However, according to Law 5 the referee "takes action against team officials who fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner and may, at his discretion, expel them from the field of play and its immediate surroundings.
The league sanction for a sent-off coach or manager is normally a ban from being in the dugout or in the changing room for a certain number of matches thereafter. Along with the general administration of the sport, football associations and competition organizers also enforce good conduct in wider aspects of the game, dealing with issues such as comments to the press, clubs' financial management, doping, age fraud and match fixing.
Most competitions enforce mandatory suspensions for players who are sent off in a game. Some on-field incidents, if considered very serious such as allegations of racial abuse , may result in competitions deciding to impose heavier sanctions than those normally associated with a red card.
Some associations allow for appeals against player suspensions incurred on-field if clubs feel a referee was incorrect or unduly harsh. How do I order a course? Courses are purchased through the Courses page, which is found in the white menu bar at the top of your screen.
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Sport Specific Course. Rules Clinic Course. As your browser is not up to date, you may not be able to order or take any course until you update your current browse. My Account Log out. Law 12 Fouls and Misconduct. Direct free kick A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences against an opponent in a manner considered by the referee to be careless, reckless or using excessive force: charges jumps at kicks or attempts to kick pushes strikes or attempts to strike including head-butt tackles or challenges trips or attempts to trip If an offence involves contact it is penalised by a direct free kick or penalty kick.
Careless is when a player shows a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or acts without precaution. No disciplinary sanction is needed Reckless is when a player acts with disregard to the danger to, or consequences for, an opponent and must be cautioned Using excessive force is when a player exceeds the necessary use of force and endangers the safety of an opponent and must be sent off A direct free kick is awarded if a player commits any of the following offences: a handball offence except for the goalkeeper within their penalty area holds an opponent impedes an opponent with contact bites or spits at someone on the team lists or a match official throws an object at the ball, opponent or match official, or makes contact with the ball with a held object See also offences in Law 3 HANDLING THE BALL For the purposes of determining handball offences, the upper boundary of the arm is in line with the bottom of the armpit.
Disciplinary action The referee has the authority to take disciplinary action from entering the field of play for the pre-match inspection until leaving the field of play after the match ends including kicks from the penalty mark. Players, substitutes and substituted players Delaying the restart of play to show a card Once the referee has decided to caution or send off a player, play must not be restarted until the sanction has been administered, unless the non-offending team takes a quick free kick, has a clear goal-scoring opportunity and the referee has not started the disciplinary sanction procedure.
Leaving the field of play to celebrate a goal is not a cautionable offence but players should return as soon as possible. Where a player commits an offence against an opponent within their own penalty area which denies an opponent an obvious goal-scoring opportunity and the referee awards a penalty kick, the offending player is cautioned if the offence was an attempt to play the ball; in all other circumstances e. A player, sent-off player, substitute or substituted player who enters the field of play without the required referee's permission and interferes with play or an opponent and denies the opposing team a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity is guilty of a sending-off offence The following must be considered: distance between the offence and the goal general direction of the play likelihood of keeping or gaining control of the ball location and number of defenders SERIOUS FOUL PLAY A tackle or challenge that endangers the safety of an opponent or uses excessive force or brutality must be sanctioned as serious foul play.
Team Officials Where an offence is committed and the offender cannot be identified, the senior team coach present in the technical area will receive the sanction. Restart of play after fouls and misconduct If the ball is out of play, play is restarted according to the previous decision If the ball is in play and a player commits a physical offence inside the field of play against: an opponent — indirect or direct free kick or penalty kick a team-mate, substitute, substituted or sent-off player, team official or a match official — a direct free kick or penalty kick All verbal offences are penalised with an indirect free kick.
Related Content Latest News. The FA Handbook The FA Handbook Archive. Law The Corner Kick. Law The Throw In. Ron Flowers Pre-Match Information.
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